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1.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(1): 163-172, ene.-feb. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-991334

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Los trastornos de la motilidad ocular constituyen motivo de consulta periódica en Oftalmología. La regeneración aberrante, trastorno muy poco reportado, es considerada la sincinesia oculomotora de mayor invalidez y complejidad. Diversas condiciones neuroftalmológicas están implicadas en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad, la mayoría de las cuales puede ocasionar la muerte. El manejo de los síntomas y signos provocados por paradójicos movimientos oculares conjugados es difícil. Se reportó un caso con remisión tardía a neuroftalmología por diagnóstico inicial y evolución desfavorable. La historia psicofísica arrojó diagnóstico definitivo de regeneración aberrante del III nervio craneal secundario, a aneurisma cerebral de la carótida interna bilateral, agravado por reanastomosis quirúrgica. Una rigurosa, obligatoria e impostergable historia neuroftalmológica, se impone ante toda parálisis del III nervio craneal para brindar un diagnóstico etiológico preciso y de esta forma proteger la vida.


ABSTRACT The disturbances in ocular motility are the cause of periodical consultation in Ophthalmology. The aberrant regeneration, a scarcely reported disturbance, is considered the oculomotor synkinesis of highest disability and complexness. Several neuro-ophthalmologic conditions are implicated in the disease ethiopathogeny, and most of them could lead to death. The management of the symptoms and signs caused by paradoxical conjugated ocular movements is difficult. A case is reported of late remission to Neuro-ophthalmology due to unfavorable diagnosis and evolution. The psycho-physical history led to a definitive diagnosis of aberrant regeneration of the III secondary cranial nerve, to cerebral aneurism of the bilateral internal carotid, worsened by surgical re-anastomosis. In front of any paralysis of the III cranial nerve, it is necessary a rigorous, obligatory and immediate neuro-ophthalmological history to arrive to a precise etiological diagnosis, protecting life in that way.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Ocular Motility Disorders/diagnosis , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Oculomotor Nerve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Synkinesis/diagnosis , Diplopia/diagnosis
2.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 120(3): 218-224, jul.-sept. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-706243

ABSTRACT

Las sinquinesis son movimientos simultáneos o coordinados en secuencia de mivimientos de músculos suplidos por diferentes nervios o por ramas independientes del mismo nervio que ocurren luego de la recuperación de una lesión axonal periferica; son debidos a la dirección errónea ("misdirection") que toman algunos axones hacia otros músculos que no constituyen su objetivo o blanco; así, cuando el paciente intenta mover algunos músculos, ocurren contracciones involuntarias en otros, no esperadas anatómicamente. Es una suerte de recableado mal realizado y confuso. En las dos pacientes que constituyen nuestro informe, ocurrieron alteraciones óculomotoras excepcionales. En la primera de 60 años portadora de un aneurisma gigante del senocavernoso izquierdo, la sinquinesis nerviosa aberrante ocurrió entre los nervios craneales tercero y sexto. En la segunda de 22 años a quien se resecó un osteocondroma gigante de la fosa media derecha, desarrolló una parálisis total del tercer nerviocraneal con sinquinesis trigémino-oculomotora entre el músculo pterigoideo derecho y el elevador del párpado superior; así como también entre el tercero (recto inferior) y sexto nervios (recto externo) ipsolateral. Se revisa la literatura al respecto.


Synkinesis are simultaneous or coordinated sequential movements of muscles that are supplied by different nerves or have independent nerve branches. They occur after the recovery a peripheral axonal injury. They are due to axons taking a wrong direction ("misdirection") towards muscles that do not constitute their objetives or targets. Thus, when the patient attempts to move a muscle, other muscles show anatomically unexpected involuntary contractions. It is a sort of confusing rewiring. Our report is based on the exceptional oculomotor alterations that occurred in two patients. In the first patient, a 60 years-old female carrying a giant aneurysm of the left cavernous sinus, the aberrant nerve synkinesis ocurred between the third and sixth cranial nerves. In the second patient, a 22 year-old female to whom was resected a giant osteochondroma of the right middle fossa, developed a total paralysis of the third cranial nerve with trigeminal oculomotor synkinesis between the right pterygoid muscle and the elevator of the upper eyelid; as well as between the inferior rectus and ipsilateral external rectus. We review the literature on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Aged , Axons/physiology , Blepharoptosis/pathology , Nervous System Diseases/pathology , Facial Muscles/physiopathology , Osteochondroma/pathology , Oculomotor Nerve Injuries/complications , Oculomotor Nerve Injuries/physiopathology , Arteriovenous Fistula/pathology , Ophthalmology , Bell Palsy/pathology
3.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 119(3): 249-254, jul.-sept. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-701643

ABSTRACT

La migraña oftalmopléjica es una condición de la infancia caracterízada por crisis de severa cefalea hemicraneal seguida de parálisis ipsolateral de los nervios tercero, cuarto o sexto. Modernamente se explica mediante la teoría trigémino-vascular de la migraña. Aunque suele ser autolimitada puede dejar secuelas. Los autores comunican los casos de cuatro pacientes: tres niños con parálisis del tercer nervio craneal: una de ellas, desarrolló en el tiempo una regeneración aberrante secundaria, situación excepcional descrita en la literatura internacional en menos de diez pacientes. El último, un adulto con dos episodios de parálisis del sexto nervio craneal y una del tercer nervio. Se discuten sus manifestaciones clínicas y neurorradiológicas.


Ophthalmoplegic migraine in childhood is a painful migraine or headache complicated by an isolated III, IV or VI oculo-motor nerve palsy followed by total resolution without sequelae. The pathogenesis is unclear, however, more recently an hypothesis of trigeminovascular system activation have been proposed. The authors reported four patients with ophthalmoplegic migraine: three children with third cranial nerve palsy; one of them developed secondary aberrant regeneration of the third nerve. It is an exceptional case, because in the international literature less than ten patients had been reported. One case was an adult patient with recurrent nerve palsy (two episodes of sixth cranial nerve palsy and one event of third nerve palsy). Clinical and neuroradiological manifestations are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Young Adult , Blepharoptosis/etiology , /pathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External/pathology , Facial Paralysis/physiopathology , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Paresis/etiology , Oculomotor Nerve Injuries/etiology
4.
Gac. méd. Caracas ; 118(1): 24-36, mar. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-630606

ABSTRACT

Se describe una nueva patología nostra-de nosotros los médicos-un nuevo síndrome que afecta al médico moderno en su relación con sus pacientes y enfermedades. Se postula que el ente mórbido toma su origen en la servil sumisión del facultativo ante la ¨Deidad Máquina¨ a quien concede, entre otros atributos, omnisciencia y omnipotencia. Como resultado de su fantasía, con mucha frecuencia ¨descalifica su cerebro¨ y abdica su juicio clínico a favor de los dictados erróneos de aquella, con el consiguiente perjuicio para el paciente. Como ilustración de la condición se narran las vicisitudes de algunos enfermos y el tortuoso camino del diagnóstico de sus condiciones patológicas


The ¨dysqualified¨ brain syndrome. The author describes a hitherto undescribed syndrome which affects the modern physician and his/her relationship with patients and their diseases. He postulates that the morbid entity takes its origin from the doctor’s submission to the ¨Machine Deity¨ to whom he concedes, among other attributes, those of omnipotence and omniscience. As a result of this fantasy, physicians frequently ¨disqualify¨ his/her brain,and abdicate their clinical judgment in its favor with the ensuing disservice to their patients. As an illustration of such condition, the difficulties of several patients are presented, whose diagnostics were abusive, erroneous or delayed due to deficient clinical histories


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Uterine Hemorrhage/pathology , Paresthesia/pathology , Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome/diagnosis , Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome/etiology , Angiography/methods , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
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